Pantograph



W. HUGHES July s, 1930.

PANTOGRA PH Filed Dec. 2s, 1927 2 sheets-sheet 1 July 8, l930 I w. HUGHESA 1,770,238

PANTOGRA PH Filed Deo. 25, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet. 2

PatentedA Jul? 8 "11.93 Y i r p A 1,770,238

Y ineircroea*APH i Y Y .application filed, December 23, 152'?. Serial 110,242,192. 'y Y a A helse-eight edge;

vices,and the general .obiect .ci the invention and Ythe.'parts'lOf-and lluareintended to be isto vprovide-an` appliance of this nature` appliedover4 the `drawing rfthe drawing which may be used in the open, it Were,.forg}board upon Whichthe sheet of' paper 'isfcarthe .purpose of drawing or sketching objects ried lso that thelparft Y1() will be parallel kto `55 in. theopen and reducing them to the .dimens the upper edgelof the boardjandthe vpart;l1-1f4 sions of the drawingsheet. f 'j p parallel to one side edge-.thereof as',V for in-l Y Afurther ob'ject-is'ftofprovide:a device of stancegthe leftfsi'de edgefA These parts N10 this character having a n ovable'sight forni-- and 11v .are provided with" ,apertures '12 10. ing :pant of the pantograph itself,Vr and a iixed throughwhichscrews;lmay pass Vtoliojld ee sightto which the draftsrnan applies lhis eve, devicezin place upon .the dra'Wingy board. j f jj and in thisconnectionto provide aibr'aclret flViountedv upon the left]liand"end ofthe l V for supporting thefix'ed sight at a proper-'disstraight edge ,10a is lfb' ack'et `14,"attached tance from themov-able sightV on'fthekpantoby screws to `fthestraight; edge,` and pivoted t Y .15 graphl l' Y Y i. v to this; bracket` is onerarm 15 otanordinary 6a A still' further object is to so;oonstr.uct the pantograph,V l Thisa-1rr1-iis pivoted at 16.*to movable ysight of Athe pantograph that it Vwill f aconipleme taryY arm' 17 which extends rlp- VV form part :of thevhinge connectionbetween Wardly andlaterally andis providedatitsf two arms ofthe pantograph, and urtherto end Witha tnacer 18, YThistr-acerjorfpoints provide a transparent- Windorv having a may b e'in'the form Tof-'a sheath enclosing 70 sighting marky ytherein through .which the pencil.pointl or Vmay have-any other-suitable object being drawn' may be observed.'` form andfprefer'ably has 'screw-threaded en- Other bjets appear inthe course oi gagement vwith the of the pantograph thefollowing description. a

This invention relates to pantographic de-V 10 intermediate the ends of y ,l ,y Y v Yso/thatgitmay be turned in one direction or*V Mv invention is illustrated in the accornthe Otheriso as to bring thepoint against theA 7,5 'f Y panying drawings,- Wherein Y l papergk Crossing ,the arm 15 is another arm Figure 1 is a :trent .elevation showing my V.19ofvthe pantgraph, andV erossingnthe army improved pantograph applied; 17 is the arm 2O of thepantograph( It will VFigure 2 is la vertical section on .the line be seen thatthe arms 19 and 20 are parallel 94A-12pt Figure 1, the rotatable joint of the to .the arms-17 and 15 respectively .andV that so pantograph beingfshovvn insecton; "the ,arms 19 and 2O are pvote'd to the arms Figure 3 `is Van enlarged aeeview'of the 17 and 15r'espectivelv by the pivot screws` 21Y Window and joint or the'pantograph.; 1 Whchinay be inthe form O Smal-1 .eye screws.. H i Figui@ l iS 2L like :View ,t0-Figur@ lfbllf Theari'ns 1U9'and 2O are pivoi'ially connected loolging romtherear; v I to, eachother and the character of this'piv-k 85 Figure 5 isa ragmek tary section throughv otal connection forms a very important eaa the rings Awhich' form' the rotatable joint ture of inynvention. As illustrated, the" shown in Figure 3;" f f t' arm 20 has attached to its .extremity a metal Figure 6 isi-a sectionthrough thebracket shank QZVvVhch-embraces thearm 2,0 aigid'at 40 .and thejpantograph arm.engagedtherewith;r its yend isv ormedwth anannulus 23..' flghe/Qo Figure 7 is a fragmentary elevationV of one arm 19 vcarries upon it a `c.orrespending Ymetal end of one of the pantographarrns' with the sha-nk 24 which embracesthe arrn vand which tracer thereon;v l v Y terminates iii a metallic annulus '25.Y This Referring to these drawings, it Willbe seen annulus. is made foi thin metal `and `formed that my pantographic appliance Y,comprises with radiallvextendinglngs 26. Certainof 95` the longitudinally[extending vstraight, edge these lugs are relativeI 3 vshort andare bent 10V, which may be made of wood or yany other outwardly `over the annulus 23.. Certain suitable material, and which isp-rovided with yother of the lugs vare not only bentl over the y the right angularlv projecting portion 11. annulus 23 butl are then again bent backvto The part i1 gattaeaed to the straight .edge extend radially erger. a circular transparent `1011 sheet 27 which may be cheaply formed of celluloid or like material. The lugs, therefore, hold the celluloid sheet in Yplace so that the annulus or two rings 28 and -25 and provides apivotal engagement between these two arms 19 and OO 27' is indicated by three-radial marks 28,v`

these marks being preferably of dilferent colors so as to take awa any dazzle or eye strain, and, though this is'not necessary, lthe celluloid sheet may be crossed lby two series of parallel lines at right' angles to each other so as to atord indicating lines.

It will be understood,fot course, thaty each arm of the pantograph will be provided with arseries of holes through ,which the pins 21 may pass, and associated with these holes will be numerals which will indicate the manner in which the pantograph 1s to be adjusted and that by a proper adjustment ofV these screws 21 the tracer or marker 18 may be caused to move in any desired proportion to the object being sketched. 4

Inv order to keep theeye `otthe'draftsman at a ,fixed point at all times while they draw'- ing is being made,V I provide a fixed peep.v

sight which is at all times associated with the movable sight formed bythe window 27 To this end, I attach to the trame'formedby the members 10 and `11 and at the junction of the member 1 0 with themember 11 a supporting bracket. In the present embodiment of the invention, this is formedof a strip of sheet metal'bent so as to provide two downwardly and outwardly directed arms 29 and 30, these beingspaced from'each other at their inner ends lto provide the fiati base 31 which bears hat against the member 10 and is held thereto by a bolt 32 and wing nut 33. These two varms 29 and 30 extend downward and forward, as before stated, `and are ata 45 angle with relation to the members 10 and 11. One of the arms is formed with a longitudinally extending slot 34 and v the otherV with an aperture, and a bolt 35 A 86, which is Y l .f aperture and having a shank passes through the slot and aperture and carries 'a' wing nut.

Mountedupon the extremity of these arms and heldin place vby the bolt is the peepsight a disk of metal having acentral 37 perforated for the passage of the bolt 35, this shank extendingrup between the two arms and being held in adjusted positionvby the bolt.' The two arms are adjusted so as to bring the disk or' the peep sight 36 parallel to the face of the drawing board.

In the use of this device, the members 10 and 11 are` attached to the upper and end margins of the drawing board as shown in Figure 1. Assuming that the pantograph -ture, if desired, or

draftsman arms have been 1 along this line as, for instance, the outline The center ofthe Celluloid window-or sheet sary, as the use of the device will be obvious from the drawings.

TheV advantages ot this construction are that it permits a draftsman to draw from naat any rate draw from a distant object, whether natural or artificial, whereas the ordinary pantograph only permits the copying ot a drawing either to a smaller or larger scale onto a drawing board. `Vith my drafting device, it is possible to copy pictures from adistance or to draw a distant landscape upon the drawing' board, and in line to transferV to a drawing sheet or board the outlinesvor other markings of any object, natural or artilicial, either tar distant kor relatively close. fixed peep sight, it would be dilicult, it not impossible, to hold theeye steadily in one position. The drawing board, of course, is to be mounted so that this peep sight will be immediately opposite the-eye in the natural position of the drattsman and the peep sight thusacts to give a. permanent station to the eye so that the drawing transferred will be an accurate copy of the original scene. 1

I have found in the center 01"' the window 27 by colored radial lines or markings that eye strainis relieved.V

y providing a relatively large window, the

can see precisely what he is doing and has a good view of the whole or a large part of the object while the center of the window is traversing along the line selected by the drattsman. It this movable sight or window were opaqueand simply had a relatively small central opening, it would be ditlicult to use the device, even though a particularoutline could be seen, as only a minute portion of the object could be seen and confusion of the lines would result.

Attention is called to the tact that I have provided a very simple means for support ing the circular window 27, while at the same time securing a proper pivotal joint between the two arms 19 and 20. The slot in the arm 30 through which bolt 37 passes allows the peep sight to be adjusted at different angles, while the bolt 37 allows the peep sight to be shifted around the bolt and to be held in any desired adjusted position.

vIr" it were not tor the pantograph isY adjusted'to the lowernum'-k bers it may be necessary to extend orlower 'the peep sight, or after theeasel, drawing up or down or around, ofthe ,peep sight, will It-will beseen that the device is. very simple, may be cheaply made, and that the provision'of the peepsightrenders it extremely accurate and secures true perspective effects, wherewithout this peep sight the perspective would beliable Ato be distorted. The bracket 29 is Vmade adjustable, as when the board and paper areA set, a slight vadjustment save the necessity of resetting'the easel. It gives the person operating the vpantograjih ymore choice and freedom than would otherwise be the case. v- I Icla-im: K l LA pantograph-including two `members disposed at right angles to each other` 'adapted to be disposed against the corner of adr'aw-k ing board, one of saidjmeinbers being extended beyond its junction with the other member,k two elements pivoted to each other, one of said elements being operatively pivoted upon the extended end of the last named support'- ing member and the other element extending Vover the drawing .board and carrying-at its extremity a tracer, the pantograph including two other elements crossing the iirst namedv elements respectively and ladjustably S'piv-f oted thereto, said secondl named elements of the' pantograph at their other endsv being` joind by annuli Ahaving rotativeer-igagenientv 1 with each other, the annuli defining a central'v sight opening, a disk of transparent material supporting element, lanother element' ofi the pantograph extending overthe drawingto be made and" carrying a tracer, the panto` graph having two elements crossing rthe irst Y y named elements andpivotally connected to said elements vresp'ectivelyandto each other, saidlast named pivotalconnection including aY transparent sight disposed in approximately alined "relation with the peep-sight.l al. A pantog-raph `including'two elements conjoinedV by annuli, having rotatable yengagement with each other, thefconjoine'd an'- nuli forminga sight opening, a support upon which thev pantograph Yis mounted and a` bracket coacting with vthe" pantograph and mounted upon' said support, said bracket vhavfing two arms, one ofthe arms being longitudinally slotted, a bolt passing through the vpeep-sight havingV an angularly disposed por'n soV Y 4end of one arm and through said slot, andl a Y tion insertible between the extremities of said 4 r` arms and thro'ughwhich the bolt passes, and ,Y

v meansfor supporting the bracketfor bodily n Y rotative movementfon an axis at right angles` u.,

to the sheet upon which the drawing is to be made. f

l ln testimony whereof I hereunto'arx my I WILLIAM HUGHES. fg 1 Y U95 signature. Y

disposed in said opening and having its cen-v ter indicated thereon, and a bracket disposed at the junction of the two elements, the bracket extending outward approximately'a't an Y Vangle of i to the first and second namedV elements and having a peep sight disposed in approximate alignment with said sight opening, said peep sight and bracket being adjustable to-bring the peep-sight in proper relation to the drawing to be made and to the I i central sight opening.

2. In an Aattachifnentoi? the character dei scribed, two coacting pantograph arms, fone of said arms carrying at its end a metallic annulus, theother'of said arms carrying a metallic annulus having .inwardly extendboards comprising a supporting elementv adapted to be mounted upon a drawingV board, a peep-sight mounted upon the supporting element, a' pantograph comprising pivoted crossed elements, one'of said ele ments being operatively pivoted upon said 

